Medicare basics: understand the parts first

Give each part a job

Medicare’s official explanation describes Part A as hospital insurance and Part B as medical insurance. Part D helps cover prescription drugs. Original Medicare includes A and B; a separate drug plan can add Part D.

Medicare Advantage, also called Part C, is a private-plan alternative that includes A and B and usually drug coverage. It can have network and prior-authorization requirements. Medigap is supplemental insurance for some costs in Original Medicare, not another name for Medicare Advantage.

Turn the letters into questions

Before comparing plans, put these details on one sheet:

1. Your current coverage and any employer or retiree insurance.
2. Your doctors, hospitals and preferred pharmacy.
3. Your medicines, including dose and how often you refill them.
4. Services you expect to use and any travel needs.

Use this sheet when speaking to Medicare or a benefits counselor. Ask how changing coverage affects each item rather than choosing from a headline premium alone. Confirm enrollment timing for your situation before canceling existing coverage.

Check the long-term care gap

Medicare generally does not pay for non-medical long-term care. Help with daily living is a different question from coverage for an eligible medical service. If a family member needs ongoing support, make a separate care budget instead of assuming it is part of the health plan.

Keep a record of the answer

Write down who answered, the date and the document or coverage rule they referred to. Keep the plan’s written response with your notes. This guide provides orientation; an individual coverage or enrollment decision needs confirmation from Medicare and the relevant plan.